System Calls & File I/O in Rust

Use bun_sys instead of std::fs or raw libc for cross-platform syscalls with proper error handling.

bun_sys::File (Preferred)

For most file operations, use the bun_sys::File wrapper. It owns the fd and closes on Drop.

use bun_sys::{File, Fd, O};

let file = File::openat(Fd::cwd(), b"path/to/file", O::RDONLY, 0)?;
let mut buf = vec![0u8; 4096];
let n = file.read_all(&mut buf)?;     // loops until EOF or full
// `file` closes on Drop.

Complete Example

use bun_sys::{File, Fd, O};

pub fn write_file(path: &[u8], data: &[u8]) -> Result<(), bun_sys::Error> {
    let file = File::openat(Fd::cwd(), path, O::WRONLY | O::CREAT | O::TRUNC, 0o664)?;
    file.write_all(data)?;
    Ok(())
}

Why bun_sys?

Aspect	bun_sys	std::fs / libc
Return Type	Maybe<T> with rich Error	io::Error (lossy)
Windows	Full support with libuv fallback	Incomplete/POSIX-ish
Error Info	errno, syscall tag, path, fd	errno only
EINTR	Automatic retry	Manual handling
Paths	&[u8] (WTF-8 safe)	&Path (UTF-8 lossy)

Error Handling with Maybe

bun_sys functions return Maybe<T> = Result<T, bun_sys::Error>. Propagate with ?; convert to a JS exception via bun_sys_jsc::ErrorJsc::to_js:

use bun_sys_jsc::ErrorJsc;
use bun_sys::{File, Fd, O};

let file = match File::openat(Fd::cwd(), path, O::RDONLY, 0) {
    Ok(f) => f,
    Err(err) => return Ok(err.to_js(global)?),
};

bun_sys::Error carries errno, syscall: Tag, and path: Box<[u8]>. To branch on errno:

match bun_sys::unlink(path) {
    Ok(()) => {}
    Err(e) if e.errno() == bun_c::ENOENT => {} // already gone
    Err(e) => return Err(e),
}

Key Types and Functions

• Fd (bun_core::Fd) — cross-platform file descriptor. Fd::cwd(), Fd::stdin()/stdout()/stderr(), fd.close().
• File::open(path: &ZStr, flags, mode) / File::openat(dir: Fd, path: &[u8], flags, mode) / File::make_open(...) (creates parent dirs) / File::create(dir, path, truncate)
• file.read(buf) / read_all(buf) / read_to_end() / read_to_end_small() / write(buf) / write_all(buf)
• bun_sys::open, read, write, pread, pwrite, stat, fstat, lstat, mkdir, unlink, rename, symlink, chmod — free fns over Fd
• Open flags: bun_sys::O::RDONLY, O::WRONLY | O::CREAT | O::TRUNC, etc.

Path Buffers

Use bun_paths for joining/normalization and the path-buffer pool to avoid 64 KB stack allocations on Windows:

use bun_paths::{path_buffer_pool, resolve_path::{self, platform}};

let mut buf = path_buffer_pool::get();
let joined = resolve_path::join_string_buf::<platform::Auto>(&mut *buf, &[dir, name]);
let file = File::openat(Fd::cwd(), joined, O::RDONLY, 0)?;

Common Mistakes

• Don't .unwrap() a bun_sys result that user input or the OS can cause to fail at runtime — return the error.
• Don't use std::fs::File — it loses the syscall tag and path needed for Node-compatible error objects.
• Don't allocate PathBuffer on the stack in hot paths — use path_buffer_pool::get().
• Don't forget Drop alone closes a File — never file.fd().close() while the File is still live (double close).

See src/CLAUDE.md for the full bun_core/bun_sys reference.