ast-grep Rule Crafter

ast-grep uses tree-sitter to parse code into AST, enabling precise pattern matching. Rules are defined in YAML for linting, searching, and rewriting code. The job is not "write a pattern" — it is to ship a rule that has been validated against a positive AND a negative fixture, so it catches what it should and nothing it shouldn't.

Project Configuration

项目级扫描需要 sgconfig.yml 配置文件：

# sgconfig.yml (项目根目录)
ruleDirs:
  - rules          # 规则目录，递归加载所有 .yml 文件

典型项目结构：

my-project/
├── sgconfig.yml
├── rules/
│   ├── no-console.yml
│   └── custom/
│       └── team-rules.yml
└── src/

运行项目扫描：

ast-grep scan              # 自动查找 sgconfig.yml
ast-grep scan --config path/to/sgconfig.yml  # 指定配置

注意: ast-grep scan 命令必须有 sgconfig.yml，而 ast-grep run -p 可单独使用。

Rule Workflow

Lint Rule (常见)

只检查不修复，用于 CI/编辑器提示：

# rules/no-console-log.yml
id: no-console-log
language: JavaScript
severity: warning
message: Avoid console.log in production code
rule:
  pattern: console.log($$$ARGS)

验证：

ast-grep scan -r rules/no-console-log.yml src/

Rewrite Rule (可选)

To auto-fix, add ONE fix: line to the lint rule above — nothing else changes:

# ... same rule as above, plus:
fix: logger.log($$$ARGS)

Apply the fix (note the --update-all flag — scan without it only reports):

ast-grep scan -r rules/no-console-log.yml --update-all src/

开发流程 (canonical workflow — follow these steps)

1. Explore the pattern via CLI before writing YAML: ast-grep -p 'console.log($ARG)' src/. Inspect node types with --debug-query ast when the pattern won't match:

   ast-grep -p 'console.log($ARG)' --debug-query ast

2. Write the rule file (.yml) — start with the lint form (pattern + message + severity).
3. Validate against a POSITIVE fixture — code that should match: ast-grep scan -r rule.yml fixtures/. Confirm it matches.
4. Validate against a NEGATIVE fixture — code that looks similar but should NOT match. If it matches, you have a false positive: add constraints, not, inside, or has to narrow the rule, then re-run both fixtures.
5. Add fix: only if a mechanical rewrite is wanted, then dry-run before --update-all.
6. Deliver using the deliverable shape below (and references/output-template.md) — never hand back a bare YAML block.

Essential Syntax

Cheat sheet for fast in-context lookup. Full syntax in references/rule-syntax.md.

Element	Syntax	Example
Single node	$VAR	console.log($MSG)
Multiple nodes	$$$ARGS	fn($$$ARGS)
Same content	Use same name	$A == $A
Non-capturing	$_VAR	$_FN($_FN)
Capture unnamed	$$VAR	async function $$NAME() {}

Core Rules Quick Reference

Cheat sheet. Full atomic / composite / relational rules in references/rule-syntax.md.

Type	Purpose	Example
pattern	Match code structure	pattern: if ($COND) {}
kind	Match AST node type	kind: function_declaration
all	Match ALL conditions	all: [pattern: X, kind: Y]
any	Match ANY condition	any: [pattern: var $A, pattern: let $A]
not	Exclude matches	not: {pattern: safe_call()}
has	Must have child	has: {kind: return_statement}
inside	Must be in ancestor	inside: {kind: class_body}

Deliverable Shape

Hand back the rule in this shape — not a bare YAML block. These are the five headers from references/output-template.md; read that file for the full template before finalizing.

• Goal — what code pattern this finds or rewrites.
• Rule — the .yml (id, language, rule, message, severity).
• Fix, if applicable — the added fix: line.
• Validation — positive fixture (should match), negative fixture (should NOT match), the exact command run (ast-grep scan --rule <file> or -r <file> src/), and the result.
• Notes — false positives avoided (how), and known limits (cases intentionally not covered).

Detailed References

Complete syntax guide: See references/rule-syntax.md

• Atomic rules (pattern, kind, regex, nthChild, range)
• Composite rules (all, any, not, matches)
• Relational rules (has, inside, follows, precedes)
• Transform and fixConfig

Language-specific patterns: See references/common-patterns.md

• JavaScript/TypeScript examples
• Python examples
• Go and Rust examples

Output template: See references/output-template.md — the full, copy-pasteable version of the Deliverable Shape above (positive/negative fixtures, exact validation command, known-limits field).

Supported Languages

Bash, C, Cpp, CSharp, Css, Elixir, Go, Haskell, Hcl, Html, Java, JavaScript, Json, Kotlin, Lua, Nix, Php, Python, Ruby, Rust, Scala, Solidity, Swift, Tsx, TypeScript, Yaml

Use a Different Skill When

ast-grep is the right hammer only for structural, AST-level pattern matching plus mechanical rewrite across many files. Route elsewhere when:

• Plain text or regex find-and-replace with no syntax-tree shape (rename a string literal, swap a URL) — just do a normal edit / sed; an AST rule is overkill.
• One-off edit in a single file — edit it directly; a rule only pays off across many call sites.
• Type-aware or semantic refactor (driven by what a value's type is, not its syntax — e.g. eliminate any) — use ts-type-safety-reviewer. ast-grep matches syntax, not types.
• Subjective code-quality review ("is this clean / well-named / over-engineered", code smells) — use clean-code-reviewer; for a behavior-preserving cleanup pass use code-simplifier.
• Pure formatting / whitespace / import order — that is a formatter's job (Prettier, Biome, gofmt), not a structural rule.