CI Debugging

Overview

CI failures are diagnosed systematically, not by guessing. This skill prevents the common anti-pattern of "just re-run it" by enforcing a hypothesis-first approach.

Constraints

• Never suggest "retry the build" as a first action
• Never add retry logic to "fix" a flaky test
• Never push a speculative fix without reproducing locally first
• Always form a hypothesis before making changes

Process

1. Read the failure

Read the full CI log output. Identify:

• What failed: test, lint, typecheck, build, deploy, or infrastructure
• When it started failing: this commit, recent merge, or intermittent
• Error message: exact error text, not a summary

2. Form a hypothesis

Before touching any code, state a hypothesis: "I believe X is failing because Y, and I can verify by Z."

Good hypotheses are specific and falsifiable:

• "The test fails because the database migration added a NOT NULL column and the test fixture doesn't set it"
• "The build fails because Node 20 dropped support for this API and CI upgraded last week"

Bad hypotheses:

• "Something is wrong with the tests"
• "CI is flaky"

Graph-assisted hypothesis grounding. Prefer CodeGraph/Repowise over raw
Grep for locating the actual source/test code behind the failing log line
before stating the hypothesis. See
`knowledge/codegraph-vs-graphify.md`
for tool selection and the fallback contract.

3. Environment delta analysis

Compare local vs CI environments using this checklist:

Factor	Check
Runtime version	Node, Python, Go, JDK, Ruby, .NET — exact version match?
OS and architecture	macOS vs Linux, x86 vs ARM?
Dependency resolution	Lockfile committed? Registry differences? Private packages accessible?
Environment variables	All required vars set? Secrets populated?
Parallelism	Tests run in parallel in CI but serial locally? Shared state?
Memory/CPU	CI runner constrained? OOM killer?
Network	External service dependencies? DNS resolution? Firewall rules?
Filesystem	Case sensitivity (macOS vs Linux)? Temp directory permissions? Path length?
Timezone/locale	Date formatting tests? Locale-dependent string comparisons?
Docker	Image tag latest drifted? Layer cache stale? Build context different?

4. Reproduce locally

Before fixing, reproduce the failure locally:

1. Match the CI environment as closely as possible (same Node version, same env vars)
2. Run the exact failing command from the CI log
3. If it passes locally, the delta from step 3 is the cause

Monitoring long-running jobs

Before calling Monitor on a job whose completion time matters:

1. Check whether a duration signal exists (prior run duration from CI history/logs, a known job-type baseline, or an explicit estimate the user gave).
2. If a signal exists, set timeout_ms to a safety margin over that estimate (e.g., double it), capped at the tool's documented max (3,600,000 ms / 1 hour).
3. If no signal exists, don't guess — set persistent: true and pair it with a command that exits on the job's own terminal state (success/failure/timeout), never an unbounded tail -f/while true with no exit condition, so the monitor self-terminates instead of requiring a manual TaskStop.
4. Never silently re-arm after a timeout without noting the estimate was wrong; if a re-arm is needed, widen the estimate or switch to persistent: true rather than repeating the same timeout.
5. If the wait is handled by a scheduled wake-up instead of Monitor (no stream to watch, or a backstop against a missed notification), follow the calling contract in `knowledge/long-run-waiting.md` — an arm/re-arm call needs the instruction to replay plus a reason, and standing down is a stop-only call. A malformed call arms no timer at all.

5. Fix and verify

Fix the root cause. Verify the fix locally. Push and confirm CI passes.

Anti-Patterns

Anti-pattern	Why it's wrong	What to do instead
Retry the build	Masks the root cause, wastes CI minutes	Read the logs, form a hypothesis
Add retry/sleep to test	Hides race conditions, makes tests slow	Fix the shared state or ordering issue
Skip the failing test	Reduces coverage, hides regressions	Fix the test or the code
Push a speculative fix	Pollutes git history, might not work	Reproduce locally first
Blame "flaky CI"	Normalizes unreliable pipelines	Every failure has a cause — find it
Re-arming a timed-out Monitor call	Wastes a round-trip and leaves a gap in coverage	Estimate timeout_ms from a duration signal, or use persistent: true (see Monitoring long-running jobs)

Integration

• Platform Engineer agent: Collaborates on infrastructure-level CI issues
• QA Engineer agent: Collaborates on test isolation and fixture problems
• Systematic Debugging skill: Uses the same hypothesis-first methodology