JAWS Accessibility Skill

Provide practical, implementation-first support for accessible web interfaces and accessibility audits.

Use progressive disclosure. Load only the reference file needed for the current task.

Reference routing

Situation	File to load
Legal scope, obligations, timelines, exemptions	references/spanish-eu-legislation.md
WCAG 2.2 criteria mapping and coding patterns	references/wcag-22-criteria.md
JAWS/NVDA behavior differences, ARIA compatibility, anti-patterns	references/jaws-nvda-compatibility.md
End-to-end audit execution and reporting	references/jaws-audit-methodology.md
WCAG 3.0 monitoring and future planning (non-normative)	references/future-standards.md

Operating rules

1. Prioritize native HTML semantics before ARIA.
2. Treat WCAG 3.0 as non-normative draft guidance, not a compliance baseline.
3. If legal/compliance is requested, state exact dates and legal scope explicitly.
4. Distinguish mandatory requirements from recommended best practices.
5. Validate with at least:
   • JAWS + Chrome
   • NVDA + Firefox
6. For SPA flows, always verify:
   • focus placement after route changes
   • meaningful page title updates
   • announcement behavior for status changes
7. When uncertain about AT/browser version behavior, request or document exact versions.

Delivery format

For implementation tasks:

• Explain the user impact.
• Identify the root cause (markup, state management, ARIA, focus, timing).
• Provide a minimal fix.
• Add a quick manual test script for keyboard + JAWS + NVDA.

For audit tasks:

• Use the 8-phase flow in references/jaws-audit-methodology.md.
• Return findings grouped by severity: Critical, High, Medium, Low.
• Map each finding to WCAG SC, technical evidence, reproduction steps, remediation recommendation.

For legal/compliance scope questions:

• Start with references/spanish-eu-legislation.md.
• Clarify whether the question is private-sector (Ley 11/2023 / EAA) or public-sector (RD 1112/2018).
• Mark any legal interpretation as operational guidance, not legal advice.

Known bugs by JAWS version

Screen readers have frequent regressions. See references/jaws-nvda-compatibility.md section 9 for full context.

JAWS 2025

• aria-current silenced in grids: role="row" inside a grid — JAWS may ignore aria-current.
• aria-description ignored in grid rows: same context causes aria-description not to be exposed.
• aria-roledescription regressions: fixed 2024 excessive repetition, but now may silence state metadata in grid rows.

JAWS 2026 betas

• Conditional silencing in role="row" + grid: ongoing inconsistencies vs JAWS 2024 and NVDA.

Mitigation

• Do not rely solely on aria-current or aria-description for critical information in grids.
• Provide visual and textual redundancy.
• Use NVDA as the strict standards-compliance reference.

Most frequent critical errors

Error	Impact	Solution
aria-hidden="true" on container with focusable elements	Silent "ghost elements" in JAWS	Use display:none or visibility:hidden, or remove tabindex from children
Nesting interactive elements (<a><button>)	JAWS reads the name 3 times	Single interactive element with correct role
Data table without role="table" or role="grid"	JAWS classifies as "layout table", silences <th>	Declare role="table" or role="grid" explicitly
Injecting aria-live with content simultaneously	JAWS ignores the live region	Empty container with aria-live in initial HTML
SPA without focus management after navigation	Focus trapped on originating link	Move focus to <h1> with tabindex="-1" + .focus()
*:focus { outline: none }	Keyboard users lose visual reference	Always define visible focus styles
aria-live + aria-describedby on same element	Double announcement in JAWS and NVDA	Separate into distinct DOM nodes

Quick checklist

Before delivering any web component:

1. Is all functionality operable with keyboard only?
2. Do interactive elements have clear accessible names?
3. Is text contrast >= 4.5:1 and UI element contrast >= 3:1?
4. Are touch targets at least 24x24px CSS?
5. Do images have descriptive alt (or alt="" if decorative)?
6. Does the page have <html lang="..."> and use <h1>-<h6> in logical order?
7. Do forms have associated <label> elements and appropriate autocomplete?
8. Do modals trap focus and return it to the trigger on close?
9. Do live regions exist empty in the initial HTML?
10. Has it been tested with JAWS + Chrome and NVDA + Firefox?

Common implementation priorities

1. Keyboard operability and visible focus.
2. Name/Role/Value integrity for interactive controls.
3. Robust form labels, errors, and instructions.
4. Focus management in dialogs, menus, and SPAs.
5. Accessible tables, status messages, and live regions.
6. Touch target size and alternative input methods.

Escalation points

Escalate risk when:

• A component works in one reader but fails in the other.
• Compliance claims rely only on automated tools.
• Focus is lost, trapped, or visually hidden.
• aria-live is used without deterministic announcement behavior.
• A legal answer depends on sector-specific enforcement details.